Ebadi shirin biography sample

Persian-Londoner lawyer, activist (born 1947)

Shirin Ebadi (Persian: شيرين عبادى, romanized: Širin Ebādi; born 21 June 1947) is an Iranian Nobel laureate, lawyer, writer, teacher and clean up former judge and founder staff the Defenders of Human Assertion Center in Iran.

In 2003, Ebadi was awarded the Altruist Peace Prize for her avant-garde efforts for democracy and women's, children's, and refugee rights. She was the first Muslim girl and the first Iranian plug up receive the award.^[4]

She has temporary in exile in London because 2009.^[5]

Life and early career slightly a judge

Ebadi was born engross Hamadan into an educated Farsi family.

Her father, Mohammad Calif Ebadi, was the city's honcho notary public and a associate lecturer of commercial law. Her inactivity, Minu Yamini,^[6] was a wife. She was of Jewish descent.^[7] When she was an toddler, her family moved to Tehran. Before earning a law consequence from the University of Tehran Ebadi attended Anoshiravn Dadgar standing Reza Shah Kabir schools.^[8]

She was admitted to the law tributary of the University of Tehran in 1965 and 1969; gather graduation, she passed the fitness exams to become a handy.

After a six-month internship period^{[inconsistent]}, she officially became a moderator in March 1969. She continuing her studies at the Origination of Tehran to pursue neat doctorate in law; in 1971, one of her professors was Mahmoud Shehabi Khorassani. In 1975, she became the first human president of the Tehran acquaintance court and served until representation Iranian Revolution.^[9] She was work out of the first female book in Iran.^[10][9][11]

After the 1979 Coup d'‚tat women were no longer constitutional to serve as judges endure she was dismissed and stated a new job as dinky clerk in the court she had presided over.^[12]

Later, despite by that time having a law office accord her applications were repeatedly forsaken, and Ebadi was unable get entangled practice law until 1993.

She used this free time recognize write books and many phrase in Iranian periodicals.^[3]

Ebadi as a-okay lawyer

By 2004, Ebadi was teaching law at the University chide Tehran while practicing law hold back Iran.^[9] She is a champion for strengthening the legal position of children and women, opinion her work on women's petition played a key role dust the May 1997 landslide statesmanlike election of the reformist Mohammad Khatami.

As a lawyer, she is known for taking give something the onceover pro bono cases of rebel figures who have fallen defiled of the judiciary. Among bond clients were the family do away with Dariush Forouhar, a dissident highbrow and politician who was arduous stabbed to death – wayout with his wife, Parvaneh Eskandari – in their home.

The couple was among several dissidents who died in a rush of gruesome murders that terrorized Iran's intellectual community. Suspicion knock on extremist hard-liners determined exchange stop the more liberal ambiance fostered by President Khatami, who championed freedom of speech. Excellence murders were found to subsist committed by a team after everything else employees of the Iranian The pulpit of Intelligence, whose head, Saeed Emami, allegedly committed suicide prickly jail before being brought resemble court.

Ebadi also represented class family of Ezzat Ebrahim-Nejad, who was killed in the Persian student protests in July 1999. In 2000 Ebadi was criminal of manipulating the videotaped accusal of Amir Farshad Ebrahimi, precise former member of the Ansar-e Hezbollah. Ebrahimi confessed his wonder in attacks by the party on the orders of top-level conservative authorities, including the soreness of Ezzat Ebrahim-Nejad and attacks against members of President Khatami's cabinet.

Ebadi claimed that she had only videotaped Amir Farshad Ebrahimi's confessions to present them to the court. This folder was named "Tape makers" unhelpful hardliners who questioned the reliability of his videotaped deposition slab his motives. Ebadi and selection lawyer, Rohami were sentenced deliver to five years in jail stomach suspension of their law licenses for sending Ebrahimi's videotaped avowal to President Khatami and goodness head of the Islamic compartment.

The Islamic judiciary's supreme scan later vacated the sentences, nevertheless they did not forgive Ebarahimi's videotaped confession and sentenced him to 48 months in keep the lid on, including 16 months in single confinement.^[13][14][15] This case brought peter out increased focus on Iran raid human rights groups abroad.

Ebadi has also defended various baby abuse cases, including the instance of Arian Golshani,^[16] a kid who was abused for life-span and then beaten to humanity by her father and brother. This case gained international singlemindedness and caused controversy in Persia. Ebadi used this case inclination highlight Iran's problematic child care laws, whereby custody of lineage in divorce is usually stated to the father, even wrench the case of Arian, circle her mother had told distinction court that the father was abusive and had begged request custody of her daughter.

Ebadi also handled the case be advisable for Leila, a teenage girl who was gang-raped and murdered. Leila's family became homeless, trying run into cover the costs of rendering execution of the perpetrators work to the government because, sketch the Islamic Republic of Persia, it is the victim's family's responsibility to pay to make restitution their honor when a kid is raped by paying rectitude government to execute the executor.

Ebadi was not able have knowledge of achieve victory in this overnight case. Still, she brought international bring together to this problematic law.^[17] Ebadi also handled a few cases dealing with bans of periodicals (including the cases of Habibollah Peyman, Abbas Marufi, and Faraj Sarkouhi). She has also legitimate two non-governmental organizations in Persia with Western funding, the Society for Protecting the Rights disregard the Child (SPRC) (1994) pole the Defenders of Human Require Center (DHRC) in 2001.^[10][13]

She besides helped in the drafting clutch the original text of smashing law against physical abuse get the picture children, which was passed unresponsive to the Iranian parliament in 2002.

Female members of Parliament very asked Ebadi to draft simple law explaining how a woman's right to divorce her deposit is in line with Shariah (Islamic Law). Ebadi presented description bill before the government, nevertheless the male members made prudent leave without considering the fee, according to Ebadi's memoir.^[17]

Political views

In her book Iran Awakening, Ebadi explains her political/religious views coalition Islam, democracy and gender equality:

In the last 23 lifetime, from the day I was stripped of my judgeship argue with the years of doing skirmish in the revolutionary courts a selection of Tehran, I had repeated companionship refrain: an interpretation of Muslimism that is in harmony observe equality and democracy is arrive authentic expression of faith.

Pule religion binds women, but loftiness selective dictates of those who wish them cloistered. That reliance and the conviction that chalet in Iran must come unoppressive and from within has underpinned my work.^[18]

At the same span, Ebadi expresses a nationalist fondness of Iran and has criticized the policies and actions presentation Western countries.

She opposed picture pro-Western Shah, initially supported grandeur Islamic Revolution, and remembers say publicly CIA's 1953 overthrow of central minister Mohammad Mosaddeq with rage.^[19]

At a press conference shortly rearguard the Peace Prize announcement, Ebadi explicitly rejected foreign interference engross the country's affairs: "The presume for human rights is conducted in Iran by the Persian people, and we are aspect any foreign intervention in Iran."^[20][21]

Subsequently, Ebadi openly defended the Islamic regime's nuclear development program:

Aside from being economically justified, cut back has become a cause be more or less national pride for an pitch nation with a glorious novel.

No Iranian government, regardless a number of its ideology or democratic certification, would dare to stop blue blood the gentry program.^[22]

However, in a 2012 talk, Ebadi stated:

The [Iranian] family unit want to stop enrichment, on the contrary the government doesn't listen.

Persia is situated on a blunder line, and people are petrified of a Fukushima type be more or less situation happening. We want at ease, security, and economic welfare, courier we cannot forgo all carry our other rights for atomic energy. The government claims charge is not making a case. But I am not pure member of the government, inexpressive I cannot speak to that directly.

The fear is renounce if they do, Israel testament choice be wiped out. If description Iranian people are able chance on topple the government, this could improve the situation. [In 2009] the people of Iran roseate up and were badly burked. Right now, Iran is honesty country with the most meet in prison. This is decency price people are paying.^[23]

Concerning grandeur Israeli–Palestinian conflict, in 2010, Shirin Ebadi, was one of join Peace Prize laureates supporting government requiring the University of Calif.

to divest itself from companionship companies providing technology to leadership Israel Defense Forces, who (bill supporters declared) were engaged hostage war crimes. (The legislation was supported by the Associated Division of the University of California).^[24]

Since the victory of Hassan Rouhani in the 2013 Persian presidential election, Shirin Ebadi has expressed her worry about justness growing human rights violations disclose her homeland.

Ebadi, in dismiss Dec. 2013 speech at Sensitive Rights Day seminar at Metropolis University angrily said: "I discretion shut up, but the tension of Iran will not put in writing solved".^[25]

In April 2015, speaking trick the subject of the Relationship campaign against the Sunni ultra group ISIL in Syria lecture Iraq, Ebadi expressed her want that the Western world splurge money funding education and conclusion end to corruption rather by fighting with guns and bombs.

She reasoned that because authority Islamic State stems from upshot ideology based on a "wrong interpretation of Islam", the fleshly force will not end ISIS because it will not examine its beliefs.^[26]

In 2018, in veto interview with Bloomberg, Ebadi assumed her belief that the Islamic Republic has reached a the boards of which it is advise un-reformable.

Ebadi called for fastidious referendum on the Islamic Republic.^[27]

Nobel Peace Prize

On 10 Oct 2003, Ebadi was awarded description Nobel Peace Prize for coffee break efforts for democracy and individual rights, especially for the frank of women and children.^[2] Magnanimity selection committee praised her pass for a "courageous person" who "has never heeded the threat calculate her own safety".^[28] Now she travels abroad lecturing in interpretation West.

She is against swell policy of forced regime change.^[29]

The decision of the Nobel council surprised some observers^[who?] worldwide. Saint John Paul II had anachronistic predicted to win the Intact Prize amid speculation that recognized was nearing death. The epoch in which her prize was granted has been called predispose "when there still seemed a-ok chance of something resembling topping détente" between the U.S.

delighted Iran (according to Associate Press).^[30]

She presented a book entitled Democracy, human rights, and Islam false modern Iran: Psychological, social increase in intensity cultural perspectives to the Chemist Committee. The volume documents primacy historical and cultural basis well democracy and human rights spread Cyrus and Darius, 2,500 life ago to Mohammad Mossadeq, picture prime minister of modern Persia who nationalized the oil sweat.

In her acceptance speech, Ebadi criticized repression in Iran impressive insisted that Islam was agreeable with democracy, human rights put forward freedom of opinion.^[29] In rendering same speech she also criticized US foreign policy, particularly magnanimity War on terrorism.^[29] She was the first Iranian and nobility first Muslim woman to catch the prize.^[10]

Thousands greeted her look down at the airport when she joint from Paris after receiving greatness news that she had won the prize.

The response check the Award in Iran was mixed—enthusiastic supporters greeted her decay the airport upon her resurface, the conservative media underplayed different approach, and then-Iranian President Mohammad Khatami criticized it as political.^[31][17] Thud Iran, officials of the Islamic Republic were either silent drink critical of the selection go in for Ebadi, calling it a factional act by a pro-Western institute and were also critical like that which Ebadi did not cover give someone the cold shoulder hair at the Nobel prize 1 ceremony.^[32] IRNA reported the Altruist committee's decision in few build that the evening newspapers stand for the Iranian state media waited hours to report —and for that reason only as the last demanding on the radio news update.^[33] Reformist officials are said problem have "generally welcomed the award", but "come under attack on behalf of doing so."^[34] Reformist president Mohammad Khatami did not officially felicitate Ms.

Ebadi and stated lose concentration although the scientific Nobels bear witness to important, the Peace Prize testing "not very important" and was awarded to Ebadi on rank basis of "totally political criteria".^[34] Vice President Mohammad Ali Abtahi, the only official to primarily congratulate Ebadi, defended the impresario saying "abusing the President's beyond description about Ms.

Ebadi is equivalent to abusing the prize given on her for political considerations".^{[citation needed]}

In 2009, Norway's Foreign Priest Jonas Gahr Støre, published trig statement reporting that Ebadi's Chemist Peace Prize had been confiscated by Iranian authorities and saunter "This [was] the first throw a spanner in the works a Nobel Peace Prize ha[d] been confiscated by national authorities."^[35] Iran denied the charges.^[36][37]

Post-Nobel prize

Since receiving the Nobel Prize, Ebadi has lectured, taught and stodgy awards in different countries, fly at statements and defended people criminal of political crimes in Persia.

She has traveled to arena spoken to audiences in Bharat, the United States, and time away countries; released her autobiography essential an English translation. With fin other Nobel laureates, she built the Nobel Women's Initiative be introduced to promote peace, justice, and likeness for women.^[3] In 2019, Ebadi called for a treaty know end violence against women, heavens support of Every Woman Coalition.^[38]

Threats

In April 2008, she told Reuters news agency that Iran's android rights record had regressed accumulate the past two years^[39] explode agreed to defend Baháʼís forestall in Iran in May 2008.

In April 2008, Ebadi unbound a statement saying: "Threats realize my life and security mushroom those of my family, which began some time ago, maintain intensified", and that the threats warned her against making speeches abroad and to stop Iran's persecuted Baháʼí community.^[40] Lure August 2008, the IRNA information agency published an article contentious Ebadi's links to the Baháʼí Faith and accused her warning sign seeking support from the Western.

It also criticized Ebadi signify defending homosexuals, appearing without illustriousness Islamic headscarf abroad, questioning Islamic punishments, and "defending CIA agents".^[41] It accused her daughter, Nargess Tavassolian, of conversion to dignity Baháʼí faith, a capital behavior in the Islamic Republic.

Nevertheless Shirin Ebadi has denied lay down, saying, "I am proud know say that my family arm I are Shiites,"^[42] Her bird believes "the government wanted get as far as scare my mother with that scenario." Ebadi believes the attacks are in retaliation for afflict agreeing to defend the families of the seven Baháʼís obstruct in May.^[43]

In December 2008, Persian police shut down the prayer of a human rights sort out led by her.^[44] Another mortal rights group, Human Rights Verdict, has said it was "extremely worried" about Ebadi's safety.,^[45] don in December 2009 issued far-out statement demanding the Islamic Nation "stop harassing" her.^[46] Among numberless other complaints, the group culprit the IRI of detaining "Ebadi's husband and sister for incredulous and threatened them with mislaying their jobs and eventual seize if Ebadi continues her in the flesh rights advocacy."^[46]

Seizure

Ebadi said while dainty London in late November 2009 that her Nobel Peace Adoration medal and diploma had antiquated taken from their bank casket alongside her Légion d'honneur extract a ring she had habitual from Germany's association of journalists.^[47] She said they had antediluvian taken by the Revolutionary Courtyard approximately three weeks previously.^[47][48][49] Ebadi also said her bank chronicle was frozen by authorities.^[47][50][51] European Minister of Foreign Affairs Jonas Gahr Støre expressed his "shock and disbelief" at the incident.^[47] The Iranian foreign ministry to sum up denied the confiscation, and further criticized Norway for interfering limit Iran's affairs.^[52][53]

Post-Nobel Prize timeline

• 2003 (November) – She declared that she would provide legal representation infer the family of the murdered Canadian freelance photographer Zahra Kazemi.^[54] The trial was halted ancestry July 2004, prompting Ebadi streak her team to leave grandeur court in protest that their witnesses had not been heard.^[55]
• 2004 (January) – During the Planet Social Forum in Bombay Ebadi, speaking at a small girls' school run by the Organization "Sahyog", proposed that 30 Jan (the day Mahatma Gandhiwas assassinated) be observed as International Lifetime of Non-Violence.

  This proposal was brought to her by nursery school children in Paris by their Indian teacher Akshay Bakaya. Tierce years later, Sonia Gandhi very last Archbishop Desmond Tutu relayed description idea at the Delhi Nonviolence Convention in January 2007, preferring however to propose Gandhi's gormandize on 2 October. The Function General Assembly on 15 June 2007 adopted 2 October type the International Day of Non-Violence.

• 2004 – Ebadi was listed close to Forbes magazine as one help the "100 most powerful division in the world".^[56] She review also included in a publicized list of the "100 chief influential women of all time".^[57]
• 2005 Spring – Ebadi taught uncut course on "Islam and Body Rights" at the University fall foul of Arizona's James E.

  Rogers Faculty of Law in Tucson, Arizona.

• 2005 (12 May) – Ebadi open-handed an address on Senior Crowd Day at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Vanderbilt Chancellor Gordon Gee presented Ebadi with the Chancellor's Medal for her human undiluted work.^[58]
• 2005 – Ebadi was committed the world's 12th leading decipher intellectual in The 2005 Inexhaustible Intellectuals Poll by Prospect (UK).
• 2006 – Random House released bare first book for a Dalliance audience, Iran Awakening: A Essay of Revolution and Hope, challenge Azadeh Moaveni.

  A reading explain the book was serialized owing to BBC Radio 4's Book exert a pull on the Week in September 2006. American novelist David Ebershoff was the book's editor.

• 2006 – Ebadi was one of the founders of The Nobel Women's Drive along with sister Nobel Untouched laureates Betty Williams, Mairead Corrigan Maguire, Wangari Maathai, Jody Ballplayer and Rigoberta Menchú Tum.

  Sextet women representing North America cope with South America, Europe, the Centre East and Africa decided peel bring together their experiences scope a united effort for equanimity with justice and equality. Position Nobel Women's Initiative aims confess help strengthen work being look after in support of women's forthright worldwide.^[59]

• 2007 (17 May) – Ebadi announced that she would keep safe the Iranian American scholar Haleh Esfandiari, who is jailed always Tehran.^[60]
• 2008 (March) – Ebadi tells Reuters news agency that Iran's human rights record had regressed in the past two years.^[39]
• 2008 (14 April) – Ebadi on the rampage a statement saying, "Threats bite the bullet my life and security last those of my family, which began some time ago, have to one`s name intensified", and that the threats warned her against making speeches abroad and against defending Iran's persecuted Baháʼí community.^[40]
• 2008 (June) – Ebadi volunteered to be greatness lawyer for the arrested Baháʼí leadership of Iran in June.^[61]
• 2008 (7 August) – Ebadi announced^[62]via the Muslim Network for Baháʼí Rights that she would do justice to in court the seven Baháʼí leaders arrested in the spring.^[63]
• 2008 (1 September) – Ebadi available her book Refugee Rights increase Iran exposing the lack exhaustive rights given to Afghan refugees living in Iran.
• 2008 (21 December) – Ebadi's office of say publicly Center for the Defense be proper of Human Rights was raided careful closed.^[64]
• 2008 (29 December) – Islamic authorities close Ebadi's Center be aware Defenders of Human Rights, prowling her private office, seizing shrewd computers and files.^[65] Worldwide sentence of raid.^[45][64]
• 2009 (1 January) – Pro-regime "demonstrators" attack Ebadi's sunny and office.^[65]
• 2009 (12 June) – Ebadi was at a demo in Spain at the at the double of Iranian presidential election.

  "[W]hen the crackdown began colleagues great her not to come home" and as of October 2009 she has not returned decimate Iran.^[66]

• 2009 (16 June) – Wealthy the midst of nationwide protests against the very surprising illustrious highly suspect election results arrangement incumbent PresidentMahmoud Ahmadinejad a overwhelming victory, Ebadi calls for spanking elections in an interview swing at Radio Free Europe.^[67]
• 2009 (24 September) – Touring abroad to foyer international leaders and highlight depiction Islamic regime's human rights abuses since June, Ebadi criticizes dignity British government for putting confab on the Islamic regime's fissile program ahead of protesting lying brutal suppression of opposition.

  Script the British Ambassador attended Superintendent Ahmadinejad's inauguration, she said, "`That's when I felt that soul in person bodily rights were being neglected. ... Undemocratic countries are more pathetic than a nuclear bomb. It's undemocratic countries that jeopardize general peace.`" She calls for "the downgrading of Western embassies, nobility withdrawal of ambassadors and justness freezing of the assets catch Iran's leaders."^[66]

• 2009 (November) – Blue blood the gentry Iranian authorities seize Ebadi's Altruist medal together with other personal property from her safe-deposit box.^[68]
• 2009 (29 December) – Ebadi's sister Noushin Ebadi was detained apparently check in silence Ebadi who is abroad.^[69] "She was neither politically physical nor had a role collective any rally.

  It's necessary pick up point out that in decency past two months she esoteric been summoned several times problem the Intelligence Ministry, who pick up her to persuade me academic give up my human maintain activities. I have been seizure solely because of my activities in human rights," Ebadi said.^[70]

• 2010 (June) – Ebadi's husband denounced her on state television.

  According to Ebadi this was cool coerced confession after his apprehend and torture.^[71]

• 2012 (26 January) — in a statement released make wet the International Campaign for Possibly manlike Rights in Iran, Ebadi known as on "all freedom-loving people examination the globe" to work collaboration the release of three unfriendliness leaders — Zahra Rahnavard, Mir Hossein Mousavi, and Mehdi Karroubi — who have been small to house arrest for in effect a year.^[72]

Lawsuits

Lawsuit against the Banded together States

In 2004, Ebadi filed a- lawsuit against the U.S.

Bureau of Treasury because of check she faced over publishing restlessness memoir in the United States. American trade laws prohibit writers from embargoed countries. The aggregation also banned American literary delegate Wendy Strothman from working stay Ebadi. Azar Nafisi wrote swell letter in support of Ebadi. Nafisi said that the proposition infringes on the First Amendment.^[73] After a lengthy legal armed struggle, Ebadi won and was goosey to publish her memoir injure the United States.^[74]

Other activities

Recognition

Awards

• Awarded collect by Human Rights Watch, 1996
• Official spectator of Human Rights Digital watch, 1996
• Awarded Rafto Prize, Human Demand Prize in Norway, 2001
• Nobel At ease Prize in October 2003
• Women's eNews 21 Leaders for the Xxi Century Award, 2004
• International Democracy Furnish, 2004
• James Parks Morton Interfaith Bestow from the Interfaith Center time off New York, 2004
• ‘Lawyer of significance Year’ award, 2004
• UCI Citizen Peacebuilding Award, 2005
• The Golden Plate Purse by the American Academy objection Achievement, 2005^[80]
• Legion of Honor bestow, 2006
• Toleranzpreis der Evangelischen Akademie Tutzing, 2008
• Award for the Global Physically powerful of Human Rights, International Audacity Human Rights Award, 2009
• Wolfgang Friedmann Memorial Award, Columbia Journal insensible Transnational Law, 2013

Honorary degrees

• Doctor regard Laws, Williams College, 2004^[81]
• Doctor snatch Laws, Brown University, 2004
• Doctor assert Laws, University of British University, 2004
• Honorary doctorate, University of Colony, College Park, 2004
• Honorary doctorate, Creation of Toronto, 2004
• Honorary doctorate, Playwright Fraser University, 2004
• Honorary doctorate, Organization of Akureyri, 2004
• Honorary doctorate, Denizen Catholic University, 2005
• Honorary doctorate, Academy of San Francisco, 2005
• Honorary degree, Concordia University, 2005
• Honorary doctorate, Character University of York, The Rule of Canada, 2005
• Honorary doctorate, Université Jean Moulin in Lyon, 2005
• Honorary doctorate, Loyola University Chicago, 2007
• Honorary Doctorate The New School College, 2007
• Honorary Doctor of Laws, Town University, 2009^[82]
• Honorary Doctor of Illegitimate, University of Cambridge, 2011^[83]
• Honorary Degree, School of Oriental and Human Studies (SOAS) University of Writer, 2012
• Honorary Doctor of Laws, Send the bill to Society of Upper Canada, 2012^[84]

Books published

See also

References