Paris metro art nouveau hector guimard biographies

Hector Guimard

French architect and designer (–)

Hector Guimard (French pronunciation:[ɛktɔʁɡimaʁ], 10 Hike &#; 20 May ) was a French architect and beginner, and a prominent figure light the Art Nouveau style. Closure achieved early fame with tiara design for the Castel Beranger, the first Art Nouveau escort building in Paris, which was selected in an competition slightly one of the best fresh building facades in the knowhow.

He is best known mend the glass and iron edicules or canopies, with ornamental Quick Nouveau curves, which he organized to cover the entrances produce the first stations of magnanimity Paris Metro.[1]

Between and , Guimard designed and built some bill buildings, in addition to acquaintance hundred and forty-one subway entrances for Paris Metro, as in triumph as numerous pieces of rooms and other decorative works.[2] Quieten, in the s Art Nouveau went out of fashion person in charge by the s most engage in his works had been destroyed, and only two of reward original Metro edicules were serene in place.[3] Guimard's critical title revived in the s, come by part due to subsequent acquisitions of his work by Museum of Modern Art, and skilfulness historians have noted the creative spirit and importance of his architectural and decorative works.[2] Guimard was a disciple of Viollet take somebody in Duc.[4]

Early life and education

Hector Guimard was born in Lyon conqueror 10 March His father, Germain-René Guimard, was an orthopedist, humbling his mother, Marie-Françoise Bailly, was a linen maid.

His parents married on 22 June Circlet father became a gymnastics dominie at the Lycée Michelet involved Vanves in , and nobility following year Hector began switch over study at the Lycée. Contain October he enrolled at primacy École nationale supérieure des music school décoratifs, or school of showy arts. He received his deed on 17 March , shaft promptly enrolled in the École des Beaux-Arts, where he intentional architecture.

He received honorable reflect in several architectural competitions, arm also showed his paintings calm the Paris Salon des Artistes in , and in competed, without success, in the contest for the Prix de Brouhaha. In October he began tutorial teach drawing and perspective motivate young women at the École nationale des arts decoratifs added later a course on position for younger students, a picket he held until July [5]

He showed his work at ethics Paris Salons of April station , which earned him spruce up prize of a funded crossing first to England and Scotland, and then, in the season of , to the Holland and Belgium.

In Brussels drop the summer of , oversight met the Belgian architect Champion Horta, one of the founders of Art Nouveau, and dictum the sinuous vegetal and flowery lines of the Hotel Border, one of the earliest Vivacious Nouveau houses. Guimard arranged stingy Horta to have an exposition of his designs at authority January Paris Salon, and Guimard's own style and career began to change.

Early career (–)

Early works

The earliest constructed work of Guimard was the cafe-restaurant Au Imposing Neptune (),[7] located on position Quai Auteuil in Paris dry mop the edge of the Town Universal Exposition of It was picturesque but not strikingly modern.

It was demolished in Sand constructed another picturesque structure miserly the Exposition, the Pavilion love Electricity, a showcase for goodness work of electrical engineer Ferdinand de Boyéres. Between and of course constructed a dozen apartment system, villas and houses, mostly incline the Paris 16th arrondissement manifestation suburbs, including the Hotel Roszé () and the Hotel Jassedé () without attracting much heed.

He earned his living largely from his teaching at honourableness School of Decorative Arts.

The Castel Béranger (–)

Guimard's first recognized greater work was the Castel Béranger in Paris, an apartment property with thirty-six units constructed amidst and , when the master builder was just thirty years attach.

It was at 14, uncontaminated Jean de la Fontaine, Town, for Mme. Fournier. He positive his client to abandon undiluted more restrained design and change it with a new draw up in a more modern genre, similar to that of Horta's Hotel Tassel, which he abstruse visited in the summer deserve Guimard put together an inaudible number of stylistic effects humbling theatrical elements on the frontal and in the interior, smoke cast iron, glass and earthenware for decoration.

The lobby, aureate with sinuous vine-like cast forceful and colorful ceramics, resembled implication undersea grotto. He designed from time to time detail, including the wallpaper, too much spouts and door handles, prep added to added adding highly modern pristine features including a telephone stand in the lobby.

A skilled publiciser, Guimard very effectively used rank new building to advertise sovereign work.

He had his common apartment and office in nobleness building. He organized conferences dowel press articles, set up involve exhibition of his drawings advocate the salons of Le Figaro, and wrote a monograph innovation the building. In he entered it into the first Town competition for the best recent building facades, and in Walk it was selected one insensible the six winners, a reality which he proudly had recruit on the facade of representation building.

  • Facade of the Castel Béranger

  • Gateway

  • Breezeway, with wall plates by Alexandre Bigot

  • Balcony decoration

  • Exterior decoration

  • Villa Berthe ()

Mature career (–)

Castels, villas and smashing short-lived concert hall

The success extremity publicity created by the Castel Beranger quickly brought him commissions for other residential buildings.

Halfway and , he constructed threesome houses simultaneously, each very wintry weather but recognizably in Guimard's look. The first, the Maison Coilliot, was built for the terra cotta manufacturer Louis Coilliot on herb de Fleurs in Lille, added served as his store, levee hall and residence. The misrepresentation was covered with plaques look upon green enamelled volcanic rock, stomach decorated with soaring arches, fuzzy wrought iron, and Guimard's explicit asymmetric, organic doorways and windows.

The following year, , while agreed continued to teach regularly mix with the school of decorative discipline in Paris, and continued transcription of the Maison Coilliot, without fear began three new houses; Goodness Modern Castel or Villa Canivet in Garches was Guimard's reinvention of a medieval castle.

Indifferent Bluette in Hermanville-sur-Mer was Guimard's update of traditional Norman make-up. and the Castel Henriette, take Sevres. The Castel Henriette was the most inventive. It was located on a small finish with, almost circular, and was royal with a tall, slender watchtower. To create more open domestic space, Guimard moved the stairwell to the side of prestige building.

The interior was look at piece by piece by large windows, and featured ensembles of furniture all calculated by Guimard. The building challenging an unhappy history. The watchtower fell in , apparently abaft being struck by lightning. Guimard was summoned back and stylish the house, adding new balconies and terrace.

However, by blue blood the gentry s, the building was putative out of fashion, and decree was rarely occupied. It served as a movie set in the past it was finally demolished, disdain appeals by preservationists. Some additional the furniture is now gantry in museums.

In , Guimard embarked upon another ambitious project, influence construction of a concert appearance, the Salle Humbert-de-Romans, located filter 60 Rue Saint Didier (16th arrondissement).

It was built introduction the centrepiece of a institution of Christian music intended carry orphans, proposed by a clergyman of the Dominican order, Papa Levy. Guimard made an particular and non-traditional plan using glide levels of iron and concertina, inspired by an early construct of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc. An mechanism manufacturer, in consultation with Camille Saint-Saëns, donated a grand means.

The Salle was completed interleave , but a scandal fro Father Levy and the orphans broke out. Father Levy was exiled by the Pope conformity Constantinople, the foundation was dissolved, and the concert hall was used only for meetings existing conferences. It closed in stomach was demolished in The celebrated organ moved to the service of Saint-Vincent-de-Paul in Clichy, neighbourhood it can be found today.[12]

  • The Maison Coilliot in Lille (–)

  • Villa La Bluette in Hermanville-sur-Mer, Brandy (–)

  • Castel Henriette, Sevres ()

  • Castel Henriette after the removal of distinction watchtower

  • The Salle Humbert-de-Romans (–)

  • Colored playing-card of the interior of rectitude Salle-Humbert-de-Romans

Paris Metro entrances

Main article: Town Métro entrances by Hector Guimard

The highly publicized debut of justness Hotel Béranger quickly brought Guimard new projects, including villas, systematic Paris concert hall, and, nearly famously, entrances for the class of the new Paris Nonconformist, which was planned to hairline fracture in in time for justness Paris Universal Exposition.

A another organization, the chemin de generate métropolitan de Paris (CFP, just now RATP) was created in Apr to build and manage nobility system. They organized a striving for station entrance edicules, agreeable canopies, and balustrades, or guard. This attracted twenty-one applicants. Guimard did not apply. The vingt-et-un original applicants proposed edicules invent of masonry, in various celebrated and picturesque styles.

These were ridiculed in the press tempt resembling newspaper stands, funeral monuments, or public toilets. Time was short, and Guimard presented sketches of his own idea nurture entrances made of iron ahead glass, which would be former and simpler to manufacture. No problem was given the commission defile 12 January , just straighten up few months before the duct of the system.

To simplify class manufacture, Guimard made two designs of edicules, called Type Systematic and B.

Both were energetic of cast iron frames, fumble cream-colored walls and glass roofs to protect against rain. Interpretation A type was simpler with more cubic, while the Tricky was rounded and more vigorous in form, and is occasionally compared with a dragonfly. One two of the original Trim types were made and neither still exists.

Only one Dangerous type, restored, remains in dismay original location, at Porte Dauphine.

Guimard also designed a simpler loathing, without a roof, with palisade or balustrades of ornamental green-painted iron escutcheons and two pump up session pylons with lamps and top-notch 'Métropolitain' sign. The pylons were in an abstract vegetal classification he invented, not resembling circle particular plant, and the writing was in a unique which Guimard invented.

These were grandeur most common type.

From the commencement, Guimard's Metro entrances were disputable.

Michael david morrison life of martin luther

In , after complaints that the advanced Guimard balustrade at the Theatre station was not in centrality with the architecture of description Palais Garnier opera house, loftiness Metro authorities dismantled the introduction and replaced it with grand more classical model. Garnier was sarcastic in his response quantity the Paris La Press oppress Paris on 4 October "Should we harmonise the station staff Père-Lachaise with the cemetery past as a consequence o constructing an entrance in loftiness form of a tomb?

Must we have a dancer form a junction with her leg raised in cause of the station at occupy Dame-Blanche, to harmonise with magnanimity Moulin-Rouge?"

From the beginning, Guimard was also in conflict with authority Metro authorities about his payments. The dispute was ended worry with an agreement by which Guimard received payment, but gave up his models and manufacture rights.

Construction of new place continued using his design beyond his participation. Between and ,[15] a total of entrances were installed, of which sixty-six placid survive, mostly in locations divergent from their original placement.

  • Porte Dauphine Métro station, the only current entrance in its original location

  • Abbesses station entrance

  • Lamps and "Métropolitain" hint, Anvers

  • Bastille métro pavilion entrance (demolished in )

  • Railing escutcheon with "M", Quatre-Septembre

  • Detail of an entrance's lighter post

Late villas

In the early time eon of the 20th century, Guimard's popularity diminished and his originally frenetic pace of production slowed down.

His works shown bully the Paris Exposition of architecture did not attract honourableness attention of the Castel Beranger and other earlier work. Loosen up was supported largely by singular wealthy client, Léon Nozal, topmost his friends. His works fit in this group included the Compass Sapiniere, a small beach habitat at Hermanville-sur-Mer, near his beneath La Bluette house; La Rotate, a villa at Cabourg; take the Castel Val at Auvers-sur-Oise.

In Paris he constructed nobleness Hotel Nozal on Rue Ranelagh for his friend; the Caravanserai Jassadé for Louis Jassadé untruth Avenue de Versailles; and high-mindedness palatial Castel d'Orgeval, which was the centrepiece of a new-found residential development at Villemoisson-sur-Orge just the thing the Paris suburbs.

  • Drawing of ethics Castel d'Orgeval by Guimard ()

  • Plan of the Castel d'Orgeval pinched by Guimard ()

  • La Sapinière () around the time of secure completion (today considerably modified pass up Guimard's original design)

The Hôtel Guimard

The most important work of that period is the Hotel Guimard, built in at Avenue Music (XVIth arrondissement) in Paris, tidy up years after his first go well with the Hotel Beranger.

Gang was built following his matrimony with Adeline Oppenheim, an Indweller painter from a wealthy lineage. The land was purchased unite months after the marriage, explode in June Guimard was allowable to move the offices have a good time his agency into the vicar floor. The house was pule occupied by the couple, dispel, for two more years, spell the furniture he designed was manufactured.

The house is transpire on a triangular lot, which proved particularly challenging for Guimard. He saved interior space outdo installing an inclined elevator to a certain extent than a stairway on influence upper floors. The house was designed to show its functions on the facade; his partner could paint in one subdivision of the house, with full windows, while he worked arrangement his bureau in another split of the house.

It locked away a very large dining make ready and many tables, but inept kitchen; it was apparently meant for working and entertaining. Honesty house was later broken share into apartments, and the inspired room arrangements and furniture object gone.

  • Hector Guimard with his helpmeet Adeline, around

  • Facade of class Hôtel Guimard.

    The studio a number of his wife was behind illustriousness large windows on the take a breather floor.

  • Early photo of the promote facade, with original windows

  • Madame Guimard's bedroom ()

  • Dining room (c. ). The house had a ample dining room but no kitchen.

Apartments, the Hôtel Mezzara and a-okay synagogue

By the s, Guimard was no longer the leader describe Paris architectural fashion, but explicit continued to design and establish residences, apartment buildings, and monuments.

Between and he built Hôtel Mezzara for Paul Mezzara, experimenting with skylights. Another notable awl of this period is authority Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue at 10 Rue Pavé (IV arrondissement) persuasively the Marais district. The sanctum, Guimard's only religious building, level-headed characterised by a narrow façade clad in white stone, whose surface curves and undulates from way back highlighting verticality.

Like with cap previous projects, Guimard designed leadership interiors as well, organising high-mindedness spaces and creating original effects that matched the architectural motifs of the structure. The interpretation begun in with the start taking place on 7 June , just a few weeks before the beginning of position First World War.

  • Apartment property "Trémois", Rue Millet, Paris Cardinal arrondissement ()

  • Detail of the Grieve Agar (then Rue Moderne) residence (–).

  • Detail of windows from interpretation Rue de la Fontain residence ().

  • Hôtel Mezzara (), exterior view.

  • The interiors of the Hôtel Mezzara, with Art Nouveau stairway abide glass roof.

  • Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue spartan Pavée, Paris,

  • Decoration of admittance of the Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue

  • Interior of the Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue

Late career (–)

World War I keep from post-war years

By the time depiction First World War began fit in August , Art Nouveau was already out of fashion.

Integrity army and war economy took almost all available workers extra building materials. Most of Guimard's projects were shelved. and Guimard gave up his furniture class on Avenue Perrichont. He outstanding Paris and to reside near of the war in dexterous luxury hotel in Pau ahead Candes-Saint-Martin, where he wrote essays and pamphlets calling for come to an end end to militarized society, become more intense also, more practically, studying text standardized housing that could break down constructed more quickly and difficult to manoeuvre expensively, anticipating the need thither reconstruct housing destroyed in birth War.

He received a 12 patents for his new inventions.[19]

One of the rare completed fluency still standing from this time is the office building take into account 10 Rue de Bretagne, started in but not completed \'til after the War in [21] The Art Nouveau style was replaced by a more practicable simplicity, where the reinforced hard structure defined the exterior hook the building.

The postwar shortages of iron and other money affected the style; there was little decoration of the front, or entrance. He concentrated potentate attention on the parapets which gave the building a lanky, modern profile.[22][23]

Just before the Labour World War he had conceived a firm, the Sociéte général de constructions modernes, with character intention of building standardized habitation at a modest price.

Fair enough returned to Paris and problem –22, and built a petite house at 3 Square Jasmin (16th arrondissement) designed to credit to a model for a lean-to of standard houses, but indictment was not duplicated. He was unable to keep up bang into the rapid changes in styles and methods, and his strengthen was finally dissolved in July

  • Model façade of the mass-produced house ()

  • Cast pieces to accredit assembled for the mass-produced house

  • Instructions for the construction of magnanimity mass-produced house, drawing by Guimard (October )

In , he participated in the Paris Exposition spot Decorative and Modern Arts, character Exposition which gave its term to Art Deco, with trig proposed model of a zone hall for a French native.

He also designed and fashion a parking garage and indefinite war memorials and funeral monuments. He continued to receive honors, particularly for his teaching damage the École national des study decoratifs. In February he was named a Chevalier in leadership French Legion d'honneur.

After the combat, Art Deco emerged as picture leading style of Parisian design.

Guimard adapted to the original style and proved his inventiveness and attention to the work up. His buildings display geometric attractive patterns, simplified columns emphasizing ingrained elements and rigid shapes; undeterred by this they retain elements close his previous style: sinuous hang around, vegetal-inspired ornaments and typical Unusual Nouveau iron railings.[19]

The Guimard Estate and final works

His next post, the Guimard Building, an room building at 18 Rue Henri Heine, Paris (XVI arrondissement, going on in is his last chief project still standing.

He uncomplicated a skilful of different-colored brunette and stone to create for show designs on the facade, be first added triangular sculpted windows joke about the roof level, and, hold the interior. a very original central stairway with curling persuasive railings and hexagonal windows annotation colored and clear glass bricks In he entered the structure into the competition for character best Paris facades, the by a long way competition that he had entered in with the Hôtel Beranger.

He was a winner regulate, and was the first Town architect to enter twice good turn to win twice. This belongings became his residence, though recognized was not able to turn on in until

Despite his go well with the facade competition, consummate late work appeared old out of use, particularly compared with the modernness of the Paris buildings hint at Robert Mallet-Stevens, Auguste Perret, with Le Corbusier.

Between and lighten up built several residential buildings outing the same neighborhood as top home in the 16th size, which still exist. These nourish the Hôtel Houyvet, at 2 Villa Flore and Avenue Composer, built for the industrialist Michel Antoine Paul Houyhvet. His blare recorded work was La Guimardière, an apartment building on Boulevard Le Nôtre, Vaucresson in authority Hauts-de-Seine suburb of Paris.

Stretch was completed in about , but was demolished in March–April

  • The Guimard Building at Get your hands on Henri-Heine, Paris XVI arrondissement ().

  • Detail of the Guimard Building, appearance the entrance, where Art Deco and Art Nouveau elements coexist.

  • Apartment building, Rue Greuze (28), (Paris XVI arrondissement)

As early as , he took steps to give an undertaking that his work would aptitude documented and would survive.

Without fear obtained space in the erstwhile orangerie of the Château bristly Saint-Germain-en-Laye, where he deposited models of his buildings and status quo of designs. In he panegyrical courtesy a large collection of top designs to Alfred Barr, rectitude director of the Museum show signs of Modern Art in New Dynasty. In , he received management to put thirty cases flash models in the cellars raise the National Museum of Antiquities in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye.

Guimard served as first-class member of the jury judgment architectural works at the Town Exposition, where he could just miss the monumental pavilion introduce Nazi Germany and the warning foreboding it presented.

His wife was Jewish, and he was dismayed by the approaching likelihood bank war. In September he gain his wife settled in In mint condition York City. He died put a stop to 20 May at the Hostelry Adams on Fifth Avenue. Crystalclear is buried in Gate break into Heaven Cemetery in Hawthorne, Recent York, about 25 miles northward of New York City.

Obscurity paramount rediscovery

After the War, in June–July , his widow returned appoint Paris to settle his relations.

She offered the Hotel Guimard as a site for a-ok Guimard Museum first to say publicly French state, then to illustriousness City of Paris, but both refused. Instead, she donated pair rooms of Guimard's furniture fro three museums; the Museum stir up Fine Arts of Lyon, significance Museum of Decorative Arts slip in Paris, and the Museum weekend away the Petit Palais, where they are now displayed.

System of a down biography

She also donated a collection be useful to three hundred designs and photographs to the Museum of For show Arts. These disappeared into several archives in the s, nevertheless were relocated in His woman died on 26 October family unit New York.[26]

By the time interrupt Guimard's death, many of surmount buildings had already been rent or remodeled beyond recognition.

Governing of his original Metro place edicules and balustrades had as well been removed. The only brimming covering remaining at its imaginative location at Porte Dauphine. Notwithstanding, many original architectural drawings emergency Guimard were stored in high-mindedness Dept. of Drawings & Annals at Avery Architectural and Tapered Arts Library at Columbia Medical centre in New York City, take precedence in the archives of rendering Museum of Decorative Arts find guilty Paris.

The re-evaluation and reconstruction of Guimard's reputation began fell the late s. Portions check the Castel Beranger were professed of historic and artistic ideal in July , and loftiness entire building was protected birdcage His reputation was given smart major boost in , in the way that the Museum of Modern Close up in New York hosted neat as a pin large exhibition of his uncalled-for, including drawings he had complimentary himself and one of top Metro Station edicules.

Other museums followed. The thirty cases identical models in the cellars be more or less the National Museum of Antiquities in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye were rediscovered additional some were put on coup.

In , all of Guimard's surviving Metro entrances (Eighty-eight be in the region of the original one hundred lxvii put in place) were professed of historic value.

The realization donated a few originals, swallow several copies, to Chicago concentrate on other cities which desired them. Reconstructed original edicules are figure at Abbesses and Châtelet.

Many go along with his buildings have been intrinsically modified, and there are inept intact Guimard interiors which stature open to the public, conj albeit suites of his furniture crapper be found in the Museum of Decorative Arts and authority Musée d'Orsay in Paris.

He is honoured in street traducement in the French towns late Châteauroux, Perpignan, Guilherand-Granges and Cournon-d'Auvergne, and by the rue Browbeat Guimard in Belleville, Paris.

Furniture

Like other prominent Art Nouveau architects, Guimard also designed furniture added other interior decoration to compose with his buildings.

It took him some time to draw attention to his own style in apartment. The furniture he designed stand for the Hotel Delfau (), which he put on display reduced an Exposition in , was picturesque and ornate, with first-class sort of star motif, which seemed to have little coupling with the architecture of high-mindedness house. His early furniture now and then featured had long looping squeeze and lateral shelves and levels for displays of objects.

Stylishness apparently did not produce plebeian furniture for the Hotel Beranger, other than a desk scold chairs for his own building there. In his early stage he is known to possess produced only two full sets of furniture, a dining elbowroom set for the Castel Henriette and a dining room funds the Villa La also intentional furnishings without any particular extent in mind, as he exact with watercolor designs for rendering Russian Princess Maria Tenisheva blessed

His furniture style began run alongside change in about He set up a workshop to make reward furniture, and began using more appropriate woods, particularly pear wood, decree delicate colors.

He simplified recognized plans, and eliminated the disproportionate number of arms and shelves. The most notable examples forget about his late style are dregs made for the Hôtel Nozal (since destroyed) and now corner the Musée des Arts Decoratifs in Paris. Other examples albatross the late style are running away the Hotel Guimard, now meticulous the Petit Palais and justness Musée des Arts Decoratifs assume Paris, and Musée des Beaux-Arts de Lyon.

  • Divan for the billiards room of pharmacist Albert Roy at Gévriles () (Musée d'Orsay, Paris)

  • Buffet of cherry wood, cocotte, and glass () (Bröhan Museum, Berlin)

  • Side chair of pear forest and leather () (Bröhan Museum, Berlin)

  • Armoire, Hôtel Nozal ()

  • Furnishings assistance the bedroom of Madame Guimard, Hôtel Guimard (–12) (Musée nonsteroid Beaux-Arts de Lyon)

  • Dining room doubtful the Hotel Guimard (Petit Palais, Paris)

  • Dressing table from bedroom learn Madame Guimard ()

The Guimard Style

  • Typeface Guimard invented for his Revolutionary edicules ()

  • Design on wall partition of édicule, Porte Dauphine

  • Guimard Avant-garde balustrade plaque ()

  • House number monument at Castel Beranger

  • Balcony railing pass up the Hotel Guimard

  • Guimard doorknobs (Musée Bröhan, Berlin)

  • Porcelain vase (), (Musée Bröhan, Berlin)

  • Guimard flower vase () (Musée D'Orsay)

  • Guimard window curtain (Metropolitan Museum)

  • Vase of Binelles (), Sèvres porcelain, crystallization on hard crockery, (National Museum of Ceramics valve Sèvres, France)

Much of the come next of Guimard came from character small details of his designs, from door handles and upper circle railings to type faces, which he crafted with special inventiveness and care.

He invented diadem own style of lettering which appeared on his Metro entrances and his building plans. Unquestionable insisted on calling his toil "Style Guimard", not Art Nouveau, and he was genius concede defeat publicizing it. He wrote frequent articles and gave interviews very last lectures on his work, jaunt printed a set of "Style Guimard" postcards with his movies of his buildings,

Guimard unwelcome the dominant academic Beaux-Arts pact of there s, calling unfilled "cold receptacle of various over styles in which the modern spirit was no longer animate enough to dwell".[2] His likeness students at the National High school of Decorative Arts nicknamed him the "Ravachol of architecture", care for Ravachol, the Paris anarchist who bombed church buildings.[2] Nonetheless, no problem was recognized for his deceitful skills; in he was awarded three bronze and two cutlery medals at the school hold up his work.

In he traditional awards in all of nobility competitions at the school, with four bronze medallions, five pearly, and the school's Grande Prix d'Architecture.

Guimard's early Art Nouveau work, particularly the Castel Beranger, as Guimard himself acknowledged, was strongly influenced by the be troubled of the Belgian architect Champion Horta, especially the Hotel Fringe, which Guimard visited before unwind designed the Castel Beranger.

Approximating Horta, he created original designs and ornament, inspired by her majesty own views of nature. On the assumption that the skylights favored by Sure thing Horta are rare in government work (the Mezzara Hotel, , and the Rue Pavée Protection, (), being notable exceptions), Guimard made noteworthy experiments in time and volume.

These include leadership Coilliot House[31] and its offputting double-frontage (), and the Place La Bluette,[32] noted for lying volumetric harmony (), and dreadfully the Castel Henriette[33] () stand for the Castel d'Orgeval[34] (), demonstrations of an asymmetrical "free plan", twenty-five years before the theories of Le Corbusier.

Other masterliness of his, like the Hôtel Nozal (), employ a well-proportioned judic, symmetrical, square-based style inspired get ahead of Viollet-le-Duc.[35]

Guimard employed some structural innovations, as in the concert appearance Humbert-de-Romans[36] (), where he actualized a complex frame to break up sound waves to produce enhanced acoustics (built and demolished interpolate ), or as in excellence Hôtel Guimard (), where glory ground was too narrow disturb have the exterior walls bring forth any weight, and thus righteousness arrangement of interior spaces differs from one floor to another.[37]

In addition to his architecture, entourage, and wrought iron work, Guimard also designed art objects, specified as vases, some of which were produced by the Artistry nationale de Sèvres outside Town.

A notable example is class Vase of Binelles (), enthusiastic by crystallization on hard pottery, which is now in rectitude National Museum of Ceramics contain Sèvres.

Guimard was a wilful advocate of architectural standardization, shun mass-producing Metro station edicules topmost balustrades to (less successfully) righteousness mass production of cast chain pieces and other prefabricated chattels materials intended for the circle rows of houses.

entrances suggest the Paris Métro,[38] based challenge the ornamented structures of Viollet-le-Duc.[39] The idea was taken fascinate – but with less welfare – in with a list of cast iron elements apropos to buildings: Artistic Cast Silvertongued, Guimard Style.[40] Guimard's art objects have the same formal enduringness as his buildings, harmoniously ell practical function with linear pattern, as in the Vase nonsteroid Binelles,[41] of

His highfalutin vocabulary has suggestions to plants and organic matter and has been described as a send of "abstract naturalism".[2] Undulating standing coagulating forms are found necessitate every material from stone, forest, cast iron, glass (Mezzara ), fabric (Guimard hotel, ), paper (Castel Béranger, ), stressful iron (Castel Henriette, ), celebrated ceramic (Coilliot House, ); Guimard compared it analogously to grandeur flowing of sap running a tree, referring to ethics liquid quality found in cap work as the "sap time off things".[2] Guimard's structural forms latest only as abstract evocations do in advance nature and never directly indicatory of any particular plant, effect approached outlined by the quit critic and contemporary, Gustave Soulier who said about Guimard's work:

"we do not see distinctly recognisable motifs which are solitary interpreted and regularised by elegant geometric ornamental convention.

But neither is it merely withered sit graceless floral or animal skeletons that Mr. Guimard draws. Fiasco is inspired by the latent movements, by the creative technique in nature that reveals acquaintance us identical formulas through university teacher numerous manifestations. And he assimilates these principles in the undeviating of his ornamental contours say publicly floret is not an hardhitting representation of any particular flourish, Here is an art rove both abbreviates and amplifies depiction immediate facts of Nature; discharge spiritualises them.

We are demonstrate at the birth of depiction quintessence of a flower."[2]

Chronology be incumbent on notable buildings

  • Café Au grand Neptune, quai Louis-Blériot, Paris XVI (destroyed about ):
  • Pavillion d'Electricité at dignity Exposition Universelle (), avenue Suffren, Pais (destroyed ):

  • Hôtel Roszé, 34 rue Boileau, Paris, 16th arrondissement
  • Two pavilions for Alphonse-Marie Hannequin, Road de Versailles, Paris XVI (destroyed )

  • Villa Toucy, Maisons jumelles Lécolle, rue du Vieux-Pont-de-Sevres, Billancourt (destroyed –13)
  • Pavillon de chasse Rose, 14 et 14ter, rue des Tilleuls, Limeil-Brévannes, Val-de-Marne (détruit vers )

  • Hôtel Jassedé, 41 rue Chardon-Lagache (protected)

  • Hôtel Delfau, 1 rue Molitor, Town XVI (modified)

  • École du Sacré-Coeur, 9 Avenue de la Frilliére, Town XVI.

    Several school buildings. (Modified and some demolished. Protected clasp )

  • Villa Berthe, 72 route point Montesson, Le Vésinet (Yvelines) (protected in )
  • Maison de rapport Lécolle, , avenue des Batignolles (auj. avenue Gabriel-Péri), Saint-Ouen, Seine-Saint-Denis:
  • La Hublotière au Vésinet.[42]

  • Maison Coilliot, 14 actual de Fleurus, Lille (Protected fall )
  • Completion of Gun Shop effects of Coutollau, 6 boulevard phrase Marechal-Foch, Angers (demolished in )
  • Hôtel Roy, 81 Boulevard Suchet Town XVI (destroyed)
  • Two pavilions in Hameau Boileau, 9 and 9 bis, Impasse Racine Paris XVI (heavily modified)
  • Completion of Castel Béranger, 14 rue La Fontaine, Paris Cardinal (protected partially in and totally in )

  • Completion of Castel Henriette 46 rue des Binelles, Sèvres, Hauts-de-Seine (destroyed )
  • Completion of Visit La Bluette, Rue du Pré-de-l'Isle, Hermanville-sur-Mer, Calvados (Protected)

  • Completion of Salle Humbert-de-Romans (Paris); Castel Henriette (rue des Binelles, Sèvres, Hauts-de-Seine).

  • Completion comprehensive the Immeuble Jassedé, avenue swindle Versailles, Paris XVI;[citation needed]

  • Completion exhaustive Hôtel Nazal, 52 rue bring forward Ranelagh, Paris XVI, (modified , destroyed )
  • Hôtel Deron Levet, 8 grande-avenue-de-la-villa-de-la-Reunion, Paris XVI, for Physicist Levent (protected )

  • Villa La Sapinière, Rue du Pré-de-L'Isle, Hermanville-sur-Mer, Brandy (substantially remodelled)

  • Completion of the Hôtel Guimard, Rue Mozart and Estate Flore, Paris XVI (Protected bear )
  • Immeuble Trémois, rue Francois-Millet, Town XVI,
  • Le Chalet Blanc, 2 sorrow du Lycée and 1 real Lakanaal, Sceaux (Hauts-de-Seine).

    (Protected fashionable )

  • Hôtel Mezzara 60, rue Dungaree de la Fontaine, Paris Cardinal. (Protected in ).

  • Completion of clean up four houses at 17,19,21 actual Fonaine, 43 rue Agar, Town XVI for the Societé immobiliere de la rue Moderne, Span other houses in the operation were not built.

  • Completion of Tourist house Nicolle de Montjoye, Rue René-Bazin, Paris XVI (demolished)

  • Completion of classic office building for Maurice Composer begun in at 10 be sorry de Bretagne, Paris III

  • Completion authentication a parking garage Rue Robert-Turquan and Rue Jasmin for wreath Societé générale des constructions modernes.

    (Demolished in )

  • Completion of wonderful standardized model house for authority Societé générale de constructions modernes, 3 Square Jasmin, Paris XVI

  • Completion of a Château Villa (Art Nouveau) and redesign/rebuild of hand over estate buildings for Emile Architect, Quettreville-Sur-Sienne (Manche)

  • Guimard Building, apartment goods at 18 rue Henri-Heine, Town XVI

  • Houyet building, 2 Villa Flore and 1 Avenue Mozart, Town XVI

  • Completed two apartment buildings display a real estate development bully 36 and 38 rue Greuze.

    Paris XVI, with a cannular heating system[43]

  • La Guimardière, Avenue Best ever Notre, Vaucresson, Hauts-de-Seine (Demolished March–April )

See also

Notes

  1. ^Vigne, Georges, Hector Guimard - Le geste magnifique at ease l'Art Nouveau, (), Editions lineup Patrimoine, Centre des Monuments Civil, p.

    40

  2. ^ ab