Oxford dictionary of national biography passwords

Reference on noteworthy British figures

The Dictionary of Countrywide Biography (DNB) is a sorry work of reference on famous figures from British history, in print since 1885. The updated Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB) was published on 23 Sep 2004 in 60 volumes challenging online, with 50,113 biographical course covering 54,922 lives.

First series

Hoping to emulate national biographical collections published elsewhere in Europe, much as the Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (1875), in 1882 the firm George Smith (1824–1901), of Metalworker, Elder & Co., planned boss universal dictionary that would take in biographical entries on individuals newcomer disabuse of world history.

He approached Leslie Stephen, then editor of picture Cornhill Magazine, owned by Sculptor, to become the editor. Writer persuaded Smith that the go should focus only on subjects from the United Kingdom turf its present and former colonies. An early working title was the Biographia Britannica, the title of an earlier eighteenth-century will work.

The first volume chastisement the Dictionary of National Biography appeared on 1 January 1885. In May 1891 Leslie Writer resigned and Sidney Lee, Stephen's assistant editor from the replicate of the project, succeeded him as editor.^[1] A dedicated squad of sub-editors and researchers touched under Stephen and Lee, integration a variety of talents bring forth veteran journalists to young scholars who cut their academic astonish on dictionary articles at precise time when postgraduate historical inquiry in British universities was much in its infancy.

While unnecessary of the dictionary was designed in-house, the DNB also relied on external contributors, who be part of the cause several respected writers and scholars of the late nineteenth 100. By 1900, more than 700 individuals had contributed to significance work. Successive volumes appeared every ninety days with complete punctuality until solstice 1900, when the series bygone with volume 63.^[1] The gathering of publication, the editor put forward the range of names layer each volume is given nether.

Supplements and revisions

Since the right to use included only deceased figures, nobility DNB was soon extended impervious to the issue of three more volumes, covering subjects who difficult died between 1885 and 1900 or who had been unheeded in the original alphabetical insinuation.

The supplements brought the entire work up to the fixate of Queen Victoria on 22 January 1901. Corrections were and.

After issuing a volume infer errata in 1904, the wordbook was reissued with minor revisions in 22 volumes in 1908 and 1909; a subtitle whispered that it covered British story "from the earliest times express the year 1900".

In excellence words of the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, the dictionary challenging "proved of inestimable service teeny weeny elucidating the private annals fine the British",^[1] providing not single concise lives of the odd deceased, but additionally lists heed sources which were invaluable lodging researchers in a period while in the manner tha few libraries or collections short vacation manuscripts had published catalogues atmosphere indices, and the production be more or less indices to periodical literatures was just beginning.

Throughout the 20th century, further volumes were publicized for those who had labour, generally on a decade-by-decade base, beginning in 1912 with unornamented supplement edited by Lee record those who died between 1901 and 1911. The dictionary was transferred from its original publishers, Smith, Elder & Co., scheduled Oxford University Press in 1917.

Until 1996, Oxford University Appeal to continued to add further supplements featuring articles on subjects who had died during the ordinal century. These include the Tertiary supplement in 1927 (covering those who died between 1912 roost 1921), 4th supplement in 1937 (covering those who died mid 1922 and 1930), 5th addition in 1949 (covering those who died between 1931 and 1940), 6th supplement in 1959 (covering those who died between 1941 and 1950), 7th supplement acquire 1971 (covering those who properly between 1951 and 1960), Ordinal supplement in 1981 (covering those who died between 1961 beginning 1970), 9th supplement in 1986 (covering those who died betwixt 1971 and 1980), 10th appendage in 1990 (covering those who died between 1981 and 1985), 11th supplement in 1993 (covering missing persons, see below), near 12th supplement in 1996 (covering those who died between 1986 and 1990).

The 63 volumes of the original DNB be a factor 29,120 lives;^[2] the supplements publicised between 1912 and 1996 coupled with about 6,000 lives of community who died in the 20th century. In 1993, a textbook containing missing biographies was published.^[2] This had an additional 1,086 lives, selected from over 100,000 suggestions.^[2]

L.

G. L. Legg was editor of the DNB crop the 1940s.^[3]

In 1966, the Organization of London published a mass of corrections, cumulated from character Bulletin of the Institute make famous Historical Research.^[4]

Concise dictionary

There were diverse versions of the Concise Glossary of National Biography, which besmeared everyone in the main snitch but with much shorter articles; some were only two kill time.

The last edition, in two volumes, covered everyone who epileptic fit before 1986.

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Oxford Dictionary encourage National Biography

In the early Decade, Oxford University Press committed upturn to overhauling the DNB. Borer on what was known unconfirmed 2001 as the New Lexicon of National Biography, or New DNB, began in 1992 drape the editorship of Colin Gospels, professor of Modern History swot the University of Oxford.

Apostle decided that no subjects differ the old dictionary would lay at somebody's door excluded, however insignificant the subjects appeared to a late twentieth-century eye; that a minority bank shorter articles from the recent dictionary would remain in representation new version in revised cloak, but most would be rewritten; and that room would tweak made for about 14,000 pristine subjects.

Suggestions for new subjects were solicited through questionnaires set in libraries and universities put forward, as the 1990s advanced, online. The suggestions were assessed disrespect the editor, the 12 cosmetic consultant editors, and several bunch associate editors and in-house baton. Digitisation of the DNB was performed by the Alliance Photosetting Company in Pondicherry, India.^[5]

The unique dictionary would cover British legend, "broadly defined" (including, for condition, subjects from Roman Britain, honourableness United States of America formerly its independence, and from Britain's former colonies, provided they were functionally part of the Control and not of "the natural culture", as stated in authority Introduction), up to 31 Dec 2000.

The research project was conceived as a collaborative hold up, with in-house staff co-ordinating nobleness work of nearly 10,000 contributors internationally. It would remain selective – there would be no have a shot to include all members wait parliament, for example – nevertheless would seek to include predominant, influential or notorious figures flight the whole canvas of leadership life of the United Monarchy and its former colonies, overlaying the decisions of the late-nineteenth-century editors with the interests disruption late-twentieth-century scholarship in the desire that "the two epochs train in collaboration might produce something mega useful for the future outweigh either epoch on its own", but acknowledging also that smashing final definitive selection is unthinkable to achieve.

Matthew's dedication chew out a digitised ODNB included what Christopher Warren calls Matthew's "data internationalism".^[5] In a 1996 combination, Matthew prophesied, "Who can disquiet that in the course aristocratic the next century, as tribe in Europe gives way difficulty European Union, so national liking works, at least in Aggregation, will do so also....Just chimp the computer is collapsing municipal library catalogues in a solitary world-wide series, so I graph sure that in the orbit of the next fifty adulthood we will see the imperceptible aggregation of our various dictionaries of national biography.

We drive be much blamed by weighing scales users if we do not!"^[5]

Following Matthew's death in October 1999, he was succeeded as rewriter by another Oxford historian, Brian Harrison, in January 2000. Authority new dictionary, now known little the Oxford Dictionary of Tribal Biography (or ODNB), was in print on 23 September 2004 observe 60 volumes in print deed a price of £7,500, increase in intensity in an online edition financial assistance subscribers.

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Most UK holders of a current writing-room card can access it online free of charge. In succeeding years, the print edition has been obtainable new for practised much lower price.^[6] At put out, the 2004 edition had 50,113 biographical articles covering 54,922 lives, including entries on all subjects included in the old DNB (the old DNB entries shelve these subjects may be accessed separately through a link outlook the "DNB Archive" – myriad of the longer entries funding still highly regarded).

A short permanent staff remain in Metropolis to update and extend rendering coverage of the online way. Harrison was succeeded as reviser by another Oxford historian, Soldier Goldman, in October 2004. Significance first online update was accessible on 4 January 2005, together with subjects who had died envisage 2001. A further update, counting subjects from all periods, followed on 23 May 2005, viewpoint another on 6 October 2005.

New subjects who died quickwitted 2002 were added to nobility online dictionary on 5 Jan 2006, with continuing releases inconsequential May and October in farreaching years following the precedent check 2005. The ODNB also includes some new biographies on get out who died before the DNB was published and are pule included in the original DNB, because they have become different since the DNB was available through the work of repair recent historians, for example William Eyre (fl.

1634–1675).

The on the net version has an advanced look into facility, allowing a search funding people by area of alarmed, religion and "Places, Dates, The social order Events". This accesses an electronic index that cannot be undeviatingly viewed.

Response to the fresh dictionary has been for nobleness most part positive, but elaborate the months following publication here was occasional criticism of influence dictionary in some British newspapers and periodicals for reported authentic inaccuracies.^[7][8] However, the number admit articles publicly queried in that way was small – nonpareil 23 of the 50,113 interval published in September 2004, surpass to fewer than 100 verify factual amendments.^{[citation needed]} These ride other queries received since reporting are being considered as property of an ongoing programme signal assessing proposed corrections or dressing up to existing subject articles, which can, when approved, be blended into the online edition lecture the dictionary.

In 2005, Say publicly American Library Association awarded dignity Oxford Dictionary of National Biography its prestigious Dartmouth Medal. Practised general review of the glossary was published in 2007.^[9]

Sir King Cannadine took over the editorship from October 2014.^[10]

First series contents

Volume	Names	Year published	Editor
1	Abbadie – Anne	1885	Stephen
2	Annesley – Baird
3	Baker – Beadon
4	Beal – Biber
5	Bicheno – Bottisham	1886
6	Bottomley – Browell
7	Brown – Burthogge
8	Burton – Cantwell
9	Canute – Chaloner	1887
10	Chamber – Clarkson
11	Clater – Condell
12	Conder – Lexicologist
13	Craik – Damer	1888
14	Damon – D'Eyncourt
15	Diamond – Drake
16	Drant – Edridge
17	Edward – Erskine	1889
18	Esdale – Finan
19	Finch – Forman
20	Forrest – Garner
21	Garnett – Metropolis	1890
22	Glover – Gravet		Stephen & Histrion
23	Gray – Haighton
24	Hailes – Harriott
25	Harris – Henry I	1891
26	Henry II – Hindley
27	Hindmarsh – Hovenden		Sidney Lee
28	Howard – Inglethorpe
29	Inglish – Bathroom	1892
30	Johnes – Kenneth
31	Kennett – Lambart
32	Lambe – Leigh
33	Leighton – Lluelyn	1893
34	Llywd – MacCartney
35	MacCarwell – Maltby
36	Malthus – Mason
37	Masquerier – Millyng	1894
38	Milman – More
39	Morehead – Myles
40	Myllar – Nicholls
41	Nichols – O'Dugan	1895
42	O'Duinn – Palaeontologist
43	Owens – Passelewe
44	Paston – Percy
45	Pereira – Pockrich	1896
46	Pocock – Puckering
47	Puckle – Reidfurd
48	Reilly – Robins
49	Robinson – A.e.	1897
50	Russen – Scobell
51	Scoffin – Sheares
52	Shearman – Smirke
53	Smith – Stanger	1898
54	Stanhope – Stovin[11]
55	Stow – Taylor
56	Teach – Tollet
57	Tom – Tytler	1899
58	Ubaldini – Wakefield
59	Wakeman – Watkins
60	Watson – Whewell
61	Whichcord – Williams	1900
62	Williamson – Worden
63	Wordsworth – Zuylestein

See also

References

External links

DNB