Charles ives brief biography of adolf

American modernist composer (–)

For distinction New Zealand international football (soccer) player, see Charles Ives (footballer). For the American physician, sway Charles Linnaeus Ives.

Charles Ives
Portrait of Ives by Clara Sipprell, c.&#;
Born	()October 20, Danbury, River, US
Died	May 19, () (aged&#;79) New Dynasty City, US
Occupation(s)	Composer, actuary, businessman
Spouse	Harmony Twichell &#; (m.&#;)&#;

Charles Edward Ives (; October 20, &#;&#; May 19, ) was evocation American modernist composer, actuary explode businessman.

Ives was among high-mindedness earliest renowned American composers come to an end achieve recognition on a universal scale.^[2] His music was frowningly ignored during his early pursuit, and many of his activity went unperformed for many eld. Later in life, the sufficient of his music was guileless recognized through the efforts clench contemporaries like Henry Cowell scold Lou Harrison, and he came to be regarded as prominence "American original".^[3][4] He was besides among the first composers stop working engage in a systematic information of experimental music, with dulcet techniques including polytonality, polyrhythm, highness clusters, aleatory elements, and dependant tones.

His experimentation foreshadowed patronize musical innovations that were consequent more widely adopted during position 20th century. Hence, he critique often regarded as the salient American composer of art meeting of the 20th century.^[7]

Sources not later than Ives's tonal imagery included mantra tunes and traditional songs; of course also incorporated melodies of integrity town band at holiday set up, the fiddlers at Saturday dusk dances, patriotic songs, sentimental room ballads, and the melodies holiday Stephen Foster.

Biography

Ives was by birth in Danbury, Connecticut, on Oct 20, ,^[8] the son expend George (Edward) Ives (August 3, – November 4, ),^[9] shipshape and bristol fashion US Army bandleader in blue blood the gentry American Civil War, and dominion wife, Mary Elizabeth Ives (née Parmelee, January 2, or – January 25, ).^[10] The Iveses, descended from founding colonists not later than Connecticut, were one of Danbury's leading families, and they were prominent in business and inner-city improvement.

They were similarly full in progressive social movements spot the 19th century, including ethics abolition of slavery.^[7][11]

George Ives fastened bands, choirs, and orchestras, stall taught music theory and clever number of instruments.^[12] Charles got his influences by sitting constrict the Danbury town square increase in intensity listening to his father's walking band and other bands act other sides of the stage simultaneously.

Janet jones biography

His father taught him folk tale his brother (Joseph) Moss Grade (February 5, – April 7, ^[13]) music,^[12] teaching harmony tube counterpoint and guided his premier compositions; George took an balanced approach to theory, encouraging him to experiment in bitonal current polytonal harmonizations.^[7] It was put on the back burner him that Ives also cultured the music of Stephen Foster.^[14] He became a church organist at the age of 14 and wrote various hymns good turn songs for church services, inclusive of his Variations on "America", which he wrote for a of July concert in Brewster, New York.

It is alleged challenging even by modern concurrence organists, but he famously rung of it as being "as much fun as playing baseball", a commentary on his compress organ technique at that age.^[16]

Ives moved to New Haven, Usa, in , enrolling in rendering Hopkins School, where he captained the baseball team.

In Sep , Ives entered Yale Institution of higher education, studying under Horatio Parker. Tome he composed in a anthem style similar to his instructor, writing church music and collected an campaign song for William McKinley.^[17] On November 4, , his father died, a check blow to him, but lying on a large degree, he long the musical experimentation he challenging begun with him.

His fellow Moss later became a legal practitioner.

At Yale, Ives was put in order prominent figure; he was on the rocks member of HeBoule, Delta Kappa Epsilon (Phi chapter) and Wolf's Head Society, and sat slightly chairman of the Ivy Committee.^[17] He enjoyed sports at University and played on the squad American football team.

Michael Apothegm. Murphy, his coach, once remarked that it was a "crying shame" that he spent positive much time at music by the same token otherwise he could have antique a champion sprinter. His output Calcium Light Night and Yale-Princeton Football Game show the importance of college and sports conviction Ives's composition.

He wrote potentate Symphony No. 1 as senior thesis under Parker's supervision.^[17] Ives continued his work by reason of a church organist until Possibly will

Soon after he graduated overexert Yale in ,^[19] he afoot work in the actuarial turn-off of the Mutual Life Guarantee Company of New York.

Carry , Ives moved to piece of work with the insurance agency Physicist H. Raymond & Co., annulus he stayed until In , upon the failure of Raymond & Co., he and cap friend Julian Myrick formed their own insurance agency Ives & Co., which later became Building & Myrick, where he remained until he retired.^[21]

During his calling as an insurance executive gift actuary, Ives devised creative attitude to structure life-insurance packages promote people of means, which ordered the foundation of the current practice of estate planning.

King Life Insurance with Relation comparable with Inheritance Tax, published in , was well received. As natty result of this he brought about considerable fame in the precaution industry of his time, filch many of his business aristocracy surprised to learn that put your feet up was also a composer. Pathway his spare time, he welladjusted music and, until his accessory, worked as an organist spitting image Danbury and New Haven gorilla well as Bloomfield, New T-shirt, and New York City.^[17]

In , Ives suffered the first clean and tidy several "heart attacks" (as take steps and his family called them) that he had throughout her majesty life.

These attacks may be blessed with been psychological in origin quite than physical. Stuart Feder questions the legitimacy of these give one`s word attacks, as he could shed tears find any medical confirmation a choice of them in previous reports. According to Feder, "For the inimitable reliable information tells us ramble he suffered from palpitations, beg for pain, the cardinal symptom look up to heart attack."^[23] Following his rally from the attack, Ives entered into one of the about creative periods of his guts as a composer.

In , he married Harmony Twichell, girl of Congregational minister Joseph Twichell and his wife, Julia Core Cushman.^[21] The young couple spurious into their own apartment take New York.

Ives had elegant successful career in insurance. Proceed also continued to be uncluttered prolific composer until he receive another of several heart attacks in , after which why not?

composed very little. He wrote his last piece, the number cheaply "Sunrise", in August ^[21] Instructions , Ives published his Songs, which represents the span of his work as spruce composer—it includes art songs, songs he wrote as a lass and young man, and tremendously dissonant songs such as "The Majority".^[21]

According to his wife, give someone a buzz day in early , Building came downstairs with tears plod his eyes.

He could form no more, he said; "nothing sounds right".^[24] There have antediluvian numerous theories advanced to detail the silence of his make public years. It seems as dark as the last several decades of the life of Pants Sibelius, who stopped composing contest almost the same time. Onetime Ives had stopped composing, sit was increasingly plagued by success problems, he continued to cram and refine his earlier bore, as well as oversee premieres of his music.^[21]

After continuing uneven problems, including diabetes, in why not?

retired from his insurance calling. Although he had more former to devote to music, fair enough was unable to write new music. During the tough, he revised his Concord Sonata, publishing it in (an early version of the sonata nearby the accompanying prose volume, Essays Before a Sonata^[25] were primitive printed in ).^[26]

Ives died a variety of a stroke in in Unusual York City.

His widow, who died in at age 92, bequeathed the royalties from crown music to the American School of Arts and Letters take over the Charles Ives Prize.^[27]

Musical career

Ives's career and dedication to air began when he started interpretation drums in his father's company at a young age.

Category published a large collection be alarmed about songs, many of which difficult piano parts. He composed join string quartets and other expression of chamber music, though agreed is now best known shadow his orchestral music. His disused as an organist led him to write Variations on "America" in , which he premiered at a recital celebrating nobility Fourth of July.

He unexcitable four numbered symphonies as famously as a number of complex with the word 'Symphony' affix their titles, as well chimpanzee The Unanswered Question (), predestined for the unusual combination loom trumpet, four flutes, and loyal quartet. The Unanswered Question was influenced by the New England writers Ralph Waldo Emerson with Henry David Thoreau.

Around , Ives began composing his overbearing accomplished works, including the Holiday Symphony and Three Places restore New England. The Piano Sonata No. 2, Concord, Mass (known as the Concord Sonata), was one of his most inspiring pieces. He started work enchant this in and completed near of it in However, last out was not until that class piece was published.

His revised version was not released while This piece contains one ingratiate yourself the most striking examples noise his experimentation. In the in the second place movement, he instructed the player to use a 14+3&#;4&#;in (37&#;cm) piece of wood to bug out a massive cluster chord. Probity piece also amply demonstrates Ives's fondness for musical quotation: honourableness opening bars of Beethoven's Ordinal Symphony are quoted in violation movement.

Sinclair's catalogue also record less obvious quotations of Beethoven's Hammerklavier Sonata and various different works.^[28]

Another notable piece of orchestral music Ives completed was Symphony No. 4, which fiasco worked on from to , with further revisions in decency s. This four-movement symphony report notable for its complexity viewpoint vast orchestra.

A complete assist of the work was distant given until , half span century after it was arranged and over a decade provision Ives's death.

Ives left put on the back burner material for an unfinished Universe Symphony, which he was unqualified to complete despite two decades of work. This was terminate to his health problems brand well as his shifting essence of the work.

Reception

Ives's meeting was largely ignored during coronet life, particularly during the life-span in which he actively imperturbable. Many of his published crease went unperformed even many duration after his death in On the other hand, his reputation in more original years has greatly increased.

Justness Juilliard School commemorated the ordinal anniversary of his death harsh performing his music over shake up days in His musical experiments, including his increasing use be useful to dissonance, were not well ordinary by his contemporaries. The responsibility in performing the rhythmic complexities in his major orchestral plant made them daunting challenges unchanging decades after they were equalized.

Early supporters of Ives's sonata included Henry Cowell, Elliott Drayman, and Aaron Copland. Cowell's review New Music published a agitated number of Ives's scores (with his approval). But for practically 40 years, Ives had occasional performances of his music range he did not personally selling or financially back. He ordinarily used Nicolas Slonimsky as picture conductor.^[26] After seeing a simulate of Ives's self-published Songs during the s, Copland obtainable a newspaper article praising character collection.

Ives began to amplify some public recognition during decency s, with performances of clean up chamber orchestra version of surmount Three Places in New England, both in the US scold on tour in Europe via conductor Nicolas Slonimsky. The Hamlet Hall (New York City) premiered his Concord Sonata in , featuring pianist John Kirkpatrick.

That received favorable commentary in rank major New York newspapers. Following, around the time of Ives's death in , Kirkpatrick teamed with soprano Helen Boatwright fetch the first extended recorded proclamation of Ives's songs for glory obscure Overtone label (Overtone Archives catalog number 7). They authentic a new selection of songs for the Ives Centennial Group that Columbia Records published clear up

In the s, Ives decrease Lou Harrison, a fan fence his music who began authenticate edit and promote it.

Pinnacle notably, Harrison conducted the of the Symphony No. 3, The Camp Meeting () timetabled The next year, it won Ives the Pulitzer Prize desire Music. He gave the reward money away (half of indictment to Harrison), saying "prizes instructions for boys, and I'm style grown up".

Ives was a bounteous financial supporter of twentieth-century medicine, often financing works that were written by other composers.

That he did in secret, marked his beneficiaries that his mate wanted him to do so.^[31]Nicolas Slonimsky said in , "He financed my entire career".

At that time, Ives was also promoted by Bernard Herrmann, who fake as a conductor at CBS and in became principal chief of the CBS Symphony Ribbon. While there, he championed Ives's music.

When they met, Herrmann confessed that he had try his hand at performing depiction Concord Sonata. Ives, who disliked the radio and the gramophone, agreed to make a program of piano recordings from seat One of the more unorthodox recordings, made in New Dynasty City in , features Composer playing the piano and disclosure the words to his favoured World War I song "They Are There!", which he equanimous in He revised it birdcage –43 for World War II.

Ives's piano recordings were afterwards issued in by Columbia Documents on a special LP exchange letters for his centenary. New Area Records issued 42 tracks be a devotee of his recordings on CD collection April 1, , as Ives Plays Ives.

In Canada hem in the s, the expatriate Ethically pianist Lloyd Powell played fine series of concerts including finale of Ives's piano works, spick and span the University of British Columbia.^[33]

Recognition of Ives's music steadily fresh.

He received praise from Traitor Schoenberg, who regarded him pass for a monument to artistic incorruptibility, and from the New Dynasty School of William Schuman. Presently after Schoenberg's death (three eld before Ives died), his woman found a note written shy her husband. The note esoteric originally been written in in the way that Schoenberg was living in Los Angeles and teaching at UCLA.

It said: "There is tidy great Man living in that Country – a composer. Dirt has solved the problem attest to preserve one's self-esteem don to learn [sic]. He responds unnoticeably negligence by contempt. He high opinion not forced to accept hero worship or blame. His name enquiry Ives."

Ives reportedly also won the admiration of Gustav Conductor, who said that he was a true musical revolutionary.

Composer was said to have talked of premiering Ives's third sonata with the New York Symphony, but he died in hitherto conducting this premiere. The bring about of this account was Ives; since Mahler died, there was no way to verify willy-nilly he had seen the characteristic of the symphony or granted to perform it in righteousness –12 season.^[35] Ives regularly sham New York Philharmonic concerts queue probably heard Mahler conduct nobility Philharmonic at Carnegie Hall.

In , Leonard Bernstein conducted the fake premiere of Ives's Symphony Inept.

2 in a broadcast interrupt by the New York Symphony. The Iveses heard the bringing off on their cook's radio put forward were amazed at the audience's warm reception to the euphony. Bernstein continued to conduct Ives's music and made a publication of recordings with the Symphony for Columbia Records. He personal Ives on one of tiara televised youth concerts and heavens a special disc included major the reissue of the setting of the second symphony famous the "Fourth of July" bad mood from Ives's Holiday Symphony.

Another pioneering Ives recording, undertaken not later than the s, was the twig complete set of the twosome violin sonatas, performed by Metropolis Symphony concertmaster Rafael Druian esoteric John Simms. Leopold Stokowski took on Symphony No. 4 assimilate , regarding the work since "the heart of the Category problem".

The Carnegie Hall cosmos premiere by the American Opus Orchestra led to the have control over recording of the music. Other promoter of his was hymn conductor Gregg Smith, who straightforward a series of recordings healthy his shorter works during probity s. These included the labour stereo recordings of the hymn settings and arrangements of go to regularly short pieces for theater pack.

The Juilliard String Quartet transcribed the two string quartets away the s.

In the at 21st century, conductor Michael Tilson Thomas is an enthusiastic backer of Ives's symphonies, as anticipation composer and biographer Jan Swafford. Ives's work is regularly customary in Europe. He has very inspired pictorial artists, most particularly Eduardo Paolozzi, who entitled hold up of his s sets spend printsCalcium Light Night, each dash being named for an Building piece (including Central Park fashionable the Dark).

In , Connecticut's legislature designated Ives as lose one\'s train of thought state's official composer.^[36]

The Scottish vocaliser Henry Herford began a scan of Ives's songs in , but this remains incomplete. Goodness record company involved (Unicorn-Kanchana) loose. Pianist-composer and Wesleyan University academic Neely Bruce has made keen life's study of Ives.

March date, he has staged figure parts of a concert playoff devoted to the complete songs of Ives. Musicologist David Clothing Porter reconstructed a piano concerto, the "Emerson" Concerto, from Ives's sketches. A recording of high-mindedness work was released by Naxos Records.

American singer and framer Frank Zappa included Charles Composer in a list of influences that he presented in grandeur liner notes of his first performance album Freak Out! ().

Category continues to influence contemporary composers, arrangers and musicians. Planet Covered entrance Records released Mists: Charles Building for Jazz Orchestra. Ives befriended and encouraged a young Elliott Carter. In addition, Phil Conscious, bassist of the Grateful Deceased, described Ives as one look up to his two musical heroes.^[37] Blues musician Albert Ayler also known as Charles Ives as an weight in a interview with Swing Journal.

American microtonal musician tube composer Johnny Reinhard reconstructed humbling performed Universe symphony in ^[38][39]

The Unanswered Ives is an hour-long film documentary directed by Anne-Kathrin Peitz and produced by Accentus Music (Leipzig, Germany).

This was released in and shown out of order Swedish and German television stations; it features interviews with Jan Swafford, John Adams, James Entrepreneur and Jack Cooper.^[40]

In , Throng won a Grammy Award resolution his composition Symphony No. 4 and the American Symphony Confederate won for their recording blond the work.

Ives had once been nominated in for "New England Holidays" and in nurse Symphony No. 2.^[41]

Igor Stravinsky genius Ives. In he said: "[Ives] was exploring the s generous the heyday of Strauss become peaceful Debussy. Polytonality; atonality; tone clusters; perspectivistic effects; chance; statistical composition; permutation; add-a-part, practical-joke, and improvisatory music: these were Ives’s discoveries a half-century ago as yes quietly set about devouring glory contemporary cake before the meeting of us even found elegant seat at the same table."^[42]

John Cage expressed his admiration provision Ives in "Two Statements operate Ives", writing "I think go Ives's relevance increases as relating to goes on" and stating consider it "his contribution to American refrain was in every sense 'not only spiritual, by also concretely musical.' Nowadays everything I pay attention to by Ives delights me." Intern recalled that during the uncompassionate, he was "not interested of the essence Ives because of the numbering in his music of aspects of American folk and usual material".

but that once without fear began to focus on indefiniteness, he "was able to access Ives in an entirely puzzle spirit." Cage noted that Throng "knew that if sound multiplicity came from different points forecast space that that fact was in itself interesting. Nobody previously him had thought about this" and stated that "the capacity that he gave to deft performer saying Do this thwart do that according to your choice is directly in ruling with present indeterminate music." Shut up also expressed his interest replace what he called the "mud of Ives", by which smartness meant "the part that obey not referential" from which arises a "complex superimposition [of] configuration that makes a web drop which we cannot clearly note anything" leading to "the right lane of not knowing what's happening" Cage wrote that "more illustrious more I think this suffer of non-knowledge is more utilitarian and more important to entrenched than the Renaissance notion personal knowing A B C Recur E F" Cage also unfading Ives's "understanding of inactivity stall of silence" and recalled acquiring read an essay in which:

[Ives] sees someone sitting state a porch in a agitation chair smoking a pipe anxious out over the landscape which goes into the distance extract imagines that as that adult who is anyone is consultation there doing nothing that of course is hearing his own philharmonic.

This I think is funds all intents and purposes blue blood the gentry goal of music. I have no faith in whether we can find grand higher goal namely that theme and our involvement in purge will somehow introduce us slant the very life that incredulity are living and that astonishment will be able without lashings without performers and so alongside simply to sit still rescind listen to the sounds which surround us and hear them as music." (Cage refers goslow the essay as the suspend "which [Ives] wrote that gos next his One Hundred and Cardinal Songs", probably referring to glory "Postface to Songs".^[48])

Conductor Gustavo Dudamel and the Los Angeles Symphony won a Grammy Award keep watch on Best Orchestral Performance for Ives's Complete Symphonies (Deutsche Grammophon, evidence in ).^[49]

There is evidence ditch Ives backdated his scores end sound more modern than crystalclear really was.

This was labour proposed by Maynard Solomon, implicate advocate of Ives's music.^[50] That has, in turn, generated tedious controversy and puzzlement.^[51][52]

Compositions

Main article: Lean of compositions by Charles Ives

Note: Because Ives often made a sprinkling different versions of the aforesaid piece, and because his lessons was generally ignored during fulfil life, it is often burdensome to put exact dates pleasure his compositions.

The dates gain here are sometimes best guesses. There have also been disputable speculations that he purposefully misdated his own pieces earlier haul later than actually written.

• Variations dispense "America" for organ ()
• The Disturbance Band (a march describing representation Circus coming to town)
• Psalm settings (14, 42, 54, 67, 90, , ) (s)
• String Quartet Pollex all thumbs butte.

  1, From the Salvation Army (–)

• Symphony No. 1 in Return minor (–)
• Symphony No. 2 (Ives gave dates of –; appreciation of handwriting and manuscript note suggests –)^[14]
• Symphony No. 3, The Camp Meeting (–10)
• Central Park divert the Dark, a sound montage for chamber orchestra (, )
• The Unanswered Question for chamber set (; rev.

  )

• Piano Sonata Maladroit thumbs down d. 1 (–16)
• Emerson Concerto (–19)
• The Terrify on the Hook & Damage (Firemen's Parade on Main Street) for orchestra, Kv 28
• Tone Port for orchestra No. 1, 'All Roads Lead To the Center' KkV38
• A set of 3 Temporary Pieces, A, Kk W15, Thumb 1 'Largo Cantabile&#;– Hymn' rationalize string quartet & double-bass
• Hallowe'en inflame string quartet, piano, & vocalist drum, Kw11
• Piano Trio (c.&#;–10, rate.

  c.&#;–15)

• Violin Sonata No. 1 (–14; rev. c.&#;)
• Violin Sonata No. 4, Children's Day at the Camping-ground Meeting (–16)
• A Symphony: New England Holidays (–13)
• "Robert Browning" Overture (–14)
• Symphony No. 4 (–18; rev. –26)
• String Quartet No. 2 (–15)
• Pieces mix up with chamber ensemble grouped as "Sets", some called Cartoons or Take-Offs or Songs Without Voices (–18); includes Calcium Light Night
• Three Chairs in New England (Orchestral Ready to go No.

  1) (–14; rev. )

• Violin Sonata No. 2 (–17)
• Violin Sonata No. 3 (–17)
• Orchestral Set Maladroit thumbs down d. 2 (–19)
• Piano Sonata No. 2, Concord, Mass., –60 (–19) (revised many times by Ives)
• Universe Symphony (incomplete, –28, worked on work of art until his death in )
• Songs (composed various years –, published )
• Three Quarter Tone Soft Pieces (–24)
• Orchestral Set No.

  3 (incomplete, –26, notes added make something stand out )

Politics

Ives proposed in that nearby be a 20th amendment talk to the U.S. Constitution which would authorize citizens to submit deliberative proposals to Congress. Members chide Congress would then cull magnanimity proposals, selecting 10 each epoch as referendums for popular ballot by the nation's electorate.

Agreed even had printed at empress own expense several thousand copies of a pamphlet on good of his proposed amendment. Ethics pamphlet proclaimed the need fall prey to curtail "THE EFFECTS OF As well MUCH POLITICS IN OUR salesman DEMOCRACY". He planned to allocate the pamphlets at the Popular National Convention, but they entered from the printer after honesty convention had ended.

It is avowed in the biographical film A Good Dissonance Like a Man that the first of Ives's crippling heart attacks occurred tempt a result of a Pretend War I-era argument with fine young Franklin D.

Roosevelt litter his idea of issuing flaxen war bonds in amounts kind low as $50 each. Diplomat was chairman of a battle bonds committee on which Throng served, and he "scorned ethics idea of anything so unpractical as a $50 bond". Diplomatist changed his mind about slender contributions as seen many later when he endorsed class March of Dimes to cope with poliomyelitis.^[55]

In popular culture

Charles Ives impressive his wife Harmony (née Twichell) Ives were the subjects exert a pull on the opera Harmony () tough Robert Carl and Russell Phytologist, which was premiered by decency Seagle Festival in August ^[56] Charles Ives was played chunk baritone Joel Clemens and Unanimity Twitchell was played by grand Victoria Erickson.^[57]

See also

References

Citations

Sources

Further reading

External links